{"id":1713,"date":"2015-03-06T23:42:27","date_gmt":"2015-03-06T21:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iepd.dn.ua\/?p=1713"},"modified":"2015-03-07T17:36:02","modified_gmt":"2015-03-07T15:36:02","slug":"%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%84%d1%96%d1%8f-%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%96%d1%97-%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%97-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/?p=1713","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u00bb \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044d\u0442\u043a\u0430\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"\u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/p>\n

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\"\u0414\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Summary<\/b><\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

Tokunova\u00a0A. V.<\/b>\u00a0<\/b>L<\/b>egal regime of factoring<\/b>:\u00a0<\/b>monograph<\/b>\u00a0<\/b>\/ Tokunova\u00a0A. V.\u00a0; NAS of Ukraine, \u00a0\u00a0 Institute of Economic and Legal Studies. \u2013 Donetsk\u00a0: \u00abKnowledge\u00bb (Donetsk branch), 2013. \u2013 260\u00a0p.<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n

\n

The\u00a0monograph covers the substantiation of the direction of improving the legal regime of factoring in Ukraine. This work is topical because of some reasons. At first, regulation of factoring relations under Ukrainian legislation isn\u2019t perfect, mostly on account of considerable conflict of key normative legal documents. Secondly, there are a lot of practical problems in this field. Besides the cause described above, the reason for such situation is lack of provision of factoring services\u2019 methodology (for factors) and these services\u2019 using with real benefit (for clients). Thirdly, Ukrainian research sector is short of factoring\u2019s scientific investigation in terms of law. Last complex legal work about factoring was published 14 years ago, until Commercial and Civil Codes of Ukraine (where basic provisions about factoring were fixed) came into force. That is why purpose of this research is threefold. First of all \u2013 justification of methods and concrete ways of Ukrainian legislation\u2019s amending, removal or, at least, minimization of shortcomings in basic for factoring normative legal documents. In the second place \u2013 making proposals for the practice. Thirdly \u2013 preparing of complex investigation of legal regime of factoring for the development of existing and foundation of new theoretical postulates of this area.<\/p>\n

The monograph includes introduction, 3 divisions, which contain 8 subsections, conclusion, 11 appendixes.<\/p>\n

The first division deals with legislation base of factoring\u2019s legal regime. Here factoring\u2019s history, definitions, types, branch-wise belonging were investigated. Periods of factoring\u2019s development were examined; it \u00a0was grounded, that similar to factoring relationships took place in Ukraine before 1989 (year, when the State bank of the USSR\u2019s promulgated a letter about assignment of rights by payment request), and occurred at the system of maintenance supply. Modes how to use advantages of this system\u2019s experience were proposed for increasing of effectiveness of state and municipal enterprises, particularly, by widening of these subject\u2019s access to factoring with using state factors with partial recovery of expenses for the latter.<\/p>\n

Factoring\u2019s characters were sorted out, its copyright definition was made, according to which factoring is an economical activity, exercising by a special subject (factor) and connected with assignment or undertaking a commitment to assign to him by another person (client) right of claim in cash for obtaining preliminary or following recovery of such claim\u2019s value, maintenance of accounts (ledgering) relating to the receivables, collection of receivables, protection against default in payment by debtors and another connected with this claim services. Also some ways were suggested for overcoming problems with terminology using under consideration issue.<\/p>\n

Synchronous development of factoring institute was revealed within Civil an Commercial law. In the result of national legal base\u2019s research it was found out that factoring relationships closely fit with Commercial code\u2019s subject of regulation. A hypothesis about entrepreneurial, commercial legal nature of factoring relationships was suggested. As a result of Ukrainian judicial practice\u2019s analysis it was explored, that the major part of factoring cases were adjudicated in the commercial courts (detailed elaboration of research\u2019s results was represented as tables and diagrams and expound at appendixes to monograph). Investigation of foreign studies, international documents allowed to confirm this hypothesis. Methods and specific ways of legal normative documents\u2019 modernization were proposed in concordance with this thesis.<\/p>\n

The second division deals with treaty regime of factoring. Here factoring contract\u2019s general characteristic was made by number of criterions, its definition was improved.<\/p>\n

It was grounded, that not only subject of contract appropriately to put into the essence of a factoring contract, but also price and period of this treaty, definitions of these essential conditions were made.<\/p>\n

Legal status of factoring relationship\u2019s privies was developed. With it proved that: factor must be a financial institution and, on the assumption of licensing, another subject of entrepreneurial activity; client and debtor must represent business entities.<\/p>\n

Rights and duties of factor and client in factoring agreement were considered. Also relations between these subjects and debtor were examined. Special attention was paid to practical problems of notification of debtors about the assignment of receivables.<\/p>\n

Particularly, it was reasoned a necessity of binding client by a commitment to notify debtor of the assignment of receivables in factoring agreement. Also there were established suitability and prepared a suggestion that notice must be in written form and it is reasonable to enclose with it sustaining documents of conclusion of a factoring agreement. This notification must be done not later, than the next working day after the assignment of the receivables\u2019 date.<\/p>\n

It was grounded the suitability of limitation of debtor\u2019s right to claim of the assignment of the receivables\u2019 additional evidence to 7 days, which start from the respective notice\u2019s receiving. Likewise it is necessary to ban the execution of a contract for benefit of the first creditor during this time and suspend the imposition of sanctions for this term.<\/p>\n

The third division devotes to international factoring legal regime\u2019s features. Problems of realizing of international factoring\u2019s normative documents in Ukraine were revealed and arrangements for its overcoming were proposed.<\/p>\n

It was proved that international factoring agreement can be without financing, if according to it the complex of at least two another services, provided by Unidroit Convention on international factoring (maintenance of accounts (ledgering) relating to the receivables, collection of receivables, protection against default in payment by debtors) is assigned. Also it was grounded that factoring agreement will be international not only if it provides crossing the border under the primary contract of sale of goods, works and services, but also for such crossing by factoring agreement\u2019s services.<\/p>\n

Suggestions were made concerning range and order of administration of the rules of law for international factoring\u2019s relations. Particularly, it was suggested to use in general case: 1)\u00a0Unidroit Convention on international factoring; 2)\u00a0national legislation (with a glance of an amendments, proposed in monograph), where it is necessary to be guided by Commercial and Civil Codes of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine \u00ab On Foreign Economic Activities\u00bb, \u00abOn Banks and Banking\u00bb; 3)\u00a0Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts. Every following point must be use on the assumption of insufficiency of previous.<\/p>\n

In addition ways of solving of certain questions connected with international direct factoring agreement were grounded. Particularly, in case of client and factor are residents, and debtor is nonresident, key problem is payment by foreign currency between residents (in our case \u2013 factor and client). It was proved that in the presence of a National Bank\u2019s general license for currency transactions, both banks and factoring companies are justified to finance their clients without individual licensing, because funds here are passed as a part of the financing service and are not an instrument of payment.<\/p>\n

Under stated above a number of methods and specific options were proposed on improvement of theoretical aspects of factoring and amending the legislation of Ukraine, including Commercial, Civil Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine \u00abOn Banks and Banking\u00bb, \u00abOn Financial Services and State Regulation of Financial Markets\u00bb, \u00abOn Licensing of Certain Types of Economic Activity\u00bb, ways of harmonization of domestic legislation with the Unidroit Convention on International Factoring. The amendments are expounded in a draft bill, which is locate in appendix to this research work.<\/p>\n