{"id":6825,"date":"2017-08-30T16:16:40","date_gmt":"2017-08-30T14:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/?page_id=6825"},"modified":"2025-07-08T19:08:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T16:08:12","slug":"european-review-of-public-law-erpl","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/?page_id=6825","title":{"rendered":"EUROPEAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC LAW (ERPL)"},"content":{"rendered":"

vol.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 28,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> no<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 1,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> spring\/printemps<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 2016<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> (99)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

In<\/span> this<\/span> issue<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> ERPL<\/span> are<\/span> published<\/span> the<\/span> proceedings<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> annual<\/span> conference<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> EGPL<\/span> organised<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> 11th<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> 13th<\/span> of<\/span> September<\/span> 2015<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> island<\/span> of<\/span> Spetses<\/span> (Greece),<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> subject<\/span> “The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>New<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Economic<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Governance”.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Under<\/span> the<\/span> heading<\/span> “General<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Introduction:<\/i><\/span> <\/i>The<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Powers<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Union<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>European<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Econonomic<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Governance:<\/i><\/span> <\/i>New<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Transfers<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Sovereignty”,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/span> first<\/span> paper<\/span> claims<\/span> that<\/span> European<\/span> integration<\/span> is<\/span> facing<\/span> one<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> difficult,<\/span> but<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> same<\/span> time,<\/span> challenging<\/span> periods<\/span> of<\/span> its<\/span> life,<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> crisis<\/span> not<\/span> yet<\/span> having<\/span> been<\/span> overcome<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> Asian<\/span> crisis<\/span> approaching.<\/span> The<\/span> report<\/span> aims<\/span> to<\/span> point<\/span> out<\/span> and<\/span> stimulate<\/span> the<\/span> debate<\/span> on<\/span> issues<\/span> strictly<\/span> related<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> “monetary<\/span> governance”<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union.<\/span> It<\/span> illustrates<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> important<\/span> issues<\/span> concerning<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Monetary<\/span> Union<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> establishment<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Central<\/span> Bank.<\/span> In<\/span> order<\/span> to<\/span> discuss<\/span> the<\/span> problem<\/span> of<\/span> whether<\/span> a<\/span> political<\/span> union<\/span> is<\/span> advisable<\/span> or<\/span> even<\/span> necessary,<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> experience<\/span> is<\/span> compared<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> origings<\/span> of<\/span> central<\/span> banking<\/span> of<\/span> two<\/span> “integrating”<\/span> countries<\/span> (the<\/span> United<\/span> States<\/span> and<\/span> Italy).<\/span> The<\/span> second<\/span> paper<\/span> under<\/span> this<\/span> heading<\/span> argues<\/span> there<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> major<\/span> concern<\/span> among<\/span> the<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> and<\/span> within<\/span> the<\/span> Union<\/span> itself,<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> survival<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> monetary<\/span> union<\/span> is<\/span> dependent<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> further<\/span> development<\/span> of<\/span> unitary<\/span> structures,<\/span> which<\/span> means:<\/span> more<\/span> integration.<\/span> It<\/span> looks<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> questions<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> last<\/span> major<\/span> prospective<\/span> plan<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> respect,<\/span> the<\/span> “Report<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> five<\/span> presidents<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Union”,<\/span> which<\/span> deals<\/span> with<\/span> further<\/span> developments<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> economic,<\/span> financial,<\/span> fiscal<\/span> and<\/span> political<\/span> Union,<\/span> and<\/span> it<\/span> tries<\/span> to<\/span> highlight<\/span> some<\/span> pivotal<\/span> questions<\/span> that<\/span> have<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> answered<\/span> before<\/span> such<\/span> a<\/span> plan<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> driven<\/span> forward.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> next<\/span> heading<\/span> is<\/span> titled<\/span> “<\/span>The<\/i><\/span> <\/i>European<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Banking<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Governance<\/i><\/span>“.<\/span> According<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> paper<\/span> under<\/span> this<\/span> heading,<\/span> several<\/span> legal<\/span> acts<\/span> have<\/span> been<\/span> adopted<\/span> by<\/span> EU<\/span> financial<\/span> regulators,<\/span> which<\/span> reshaped<\/span> the<\/span> regulatory<\/span> and<\/span> supervisory<\/span> framework<\/span> pertaining<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> EU<\/span> banking<\/span> system.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> by-product<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> response<\/span> was<\/span> the<\/span> establishment<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Banking<\/span> Union<\/span> and,<\/span> in<\/span> particular,<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Single<\/span> Supervisory<\/span> Mechanism,<\/span> the<\/span> Single<\/span> Resolution<\/span> Mechanism<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> Single<\/span> Resolution<\/span> Fund.<\/span> These<\/span> three<\/span> components<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> considered<\/span> in<\/span> unison,<\/span> given<\/span> that<\/span> shared<\/span> liability<\/span> for<\/span> bank<\/span> resolutions<\/span> requires<\/span> centralized<\/span> supervisory<\/span> oversight.<\/span> The<\/span> next<\/span> paper<\/span> under<\/span> this<\/span> heading<\/span> claims<\/span> the<\/span> Single<\/span> Supervisory<\/span> Mechanism<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> major<\/span> development<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> area<\/span> of<\/span> Economic<\/span> and<\/span> Monetary<\/span> Policy,<\/span> as<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> entrusted<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> prudential<\/span> supervision<\/span> of<\/span> European<\/span> credit<\/span> institutions<\/span> and<\/span> confers<\/span> very<\/span> significant<\/span> powers<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Central<\/span> Bank,<\/span> including<\/span> coercive<\/span> and<\/span> investigatory<\/span> powers.<\/span> Due<\/span> to<\/span> those<\/span> powers,<\/span> a<\/span> system<\/span> of<\/span> checks<\/span> and<\/span> balances<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> introduced,<\/span> in<\/span> which<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Parliament<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Justice<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union<\/span> play<\/span> a<\/span> significant<\/span> part.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Under<\/span> the<\/span> heading<\/span> “The<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Guarantees<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>States<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Participating<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Not<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Participating<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Banking<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Union<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>‘Fiscal<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Compact’<\/i><\/span>“,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> paper<\/span> deals<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> regime<\/span> of<\/span> close<\/span> cooperation<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Central<\/span> Bank<\/span> by<\/span> non-euro<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> which<\/span> decide<\/span> to<\/span> opt<\/span> in.<\/span> The<\/span> difficulty<\/span> of<\/span> putting<\/span> them<\/span> on<\/span> an<\/span> equal<\/span> footing<\/span> with<\/span> euro<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> adequately<\/span> addressed<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> rules<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> suspension<\/span> and<\/span> termination<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> close<\/span> cooperation;<\/span> therefore,<\/span> an<\/span> amendment<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Treaty<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> Functioning<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union<\/span> would<\/span> be<\/span> needed.<\/span> In<\/span> the<\/span> next<\/span> paper<\/span> under<\/span> this<\/span> heading,<\/span> the<\/span> topic<\/span> of<\/span> guarantees<\/span> from<\/span> States<\/span> participating<\/span> or<\/span> not<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Banking<\/span> Union<\/span> is<\/span> discussed,<\/span> as<\/span> one’s<\/span> guarantees<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> perceived<\/span> as<\/span> risks<\/span> for<\/span> others.<\/span> A<\/span> distinction<\/span> is<\/span> made<\/span> between<\/span> preventive<\/span> and<\/span> remedial<\/span> guarantees<\/span> against<\/span> potential<\/span> infringements<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> interests<\/span> of<\/span> Member<\/span> States,<\/span> and<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> claimed<\/span> that,<\/span> although<\/span> safeguarding<\/span> the<\/span> States’<\/span> consent<\/span> remains<\/span> an<\/span> essential<\/span> guarantee,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> always<\/span> realistic,<\/span> and<\/span> therefore<\/span> other<\/span> ways,<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> a<\/span> furthering<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> accountability<\/span> procedures,<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> further<\/span> exploited.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> “<\/span>General<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Conclusions<\/i><\/span>“,<\/span> four<\/span> main<\/span> issues<\/span> are<\/span> discussed:<\/span> a)<\/span> the<\/span> changes<\/span> that<\/span> have<\/span> occured<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> economic<\/span> governance<\/span> to<\/span> contrast<\/span> the<\/span> great<\/span> crisis<\/span> initiated<\/span> in<\/span> 2008,<\/span> b)<\/span> the<\/span> features<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Banking<\/span> Union,<\/span> c)<\/span> the<\/span> role<\/span> and<\/span> attitude<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> and<\/span> national<\/span> judges<\/span> facing<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> discipline<\/span> and<\/span> d)<\/span> the<\/span> democratic<\/span> legitimation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> European<\/span> banking<\/span> system.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> argued<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> system<\/span> is<\/span> providing<\/span> an<\/span> effective<\/span> package<\/span> of<\/span> quick,<\/span> effective<\/span> and<\/span> reliable<\/span> measures<\/span> and<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> European<\/span> banking<\/span> law<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> Banking<\/span> Union<\/span> represent<\/span> a<\/span> positive<\/span> development<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> integration<\/span> process.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> part<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> includes<\/span> papers<\/span> presented<\/span> or<\/span> prepared<\/span> within<\/span> the<\/span> framework<\/span> of<\/span> Workshops<\/span> that<\/span> took<\/span> place<\/span> during<\/span> the<\/span> Conference.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> context<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Workshop<\/span> on<\/span> “<\/span>Financial<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Inclusion:<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Services<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>General<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Economic<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Interest<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Banking<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Sector<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Citizen’s<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Rights<\/i><\/span>“,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> paper<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> concepts<\/span> and<\/span> main<\/span> characteristics<\/span> of<\/span> financial<\/span> inclusion<\/span> referring<\/span> to<\/span> its<\/span> definition<\/span> and<\/span> content,<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> typical<\/span> indicators<\/span> for<\/span> its<\/span> measurement<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> to<\/span> its<\/span> causes.<\/span> It<\/span> also<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> policy<\/span> aspects<\/span> related<\/span> to<\/span> financial<\/span> inclusion.<\/span> Moreover,<\/span> the<\/span> correlation<\/span> between<\/span> financial<\/span> literacy<\/span> and<\/span> financial<\/span> inclusion<\/span> is<\/span> analyzed<\/span> whereas<\/span> also<\/span> the<\/span> link<\/span> between<\/span> technology<\/span> and<\/span> financial<\/span> inclusion<\/span> is<\/span> also<\/span> briefly<\/span> presented.<\/span> The<\/span> next<\/span> short<\/span> study<\/span> underlines<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> features<\/span> of<\/span> Directive<\/span> 2014\/92\/EU<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Parliament<\/span> and<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Council<\/span> in<\/span> relation<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> access<\/span> to<\/span> payment<\/span> accounts<\/span> with<\/span> basic<\/span> features.<\/span> The<\/span> Directive<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> tool<\/span> to<\/span> fight<\/span> against<\/span> financial<\/span> exclusion<\/span> in<\/span> a<\/span> general<\/span> European<\/span> movement<\/span> that<\/span> seems<\/span> to<\/span> progressively<\/span> consider<\/span> some<\/span> banking<\/span> activities<\/span> as<\/span> services<\/span> of<\/span> general<\/span> economic<\/span> interest.<\/span> The<\/span> next<\/span> paper<\/span> analyzes<\/span> the<\/span> originality<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> public<\/span> law<\/span> system<\/span> connected<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Banking<\/span> Union<\/span> and<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> Italian<\/span> experience<\/span> as<\/span> an<\/span> example<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> non-reducible<\/span> space<\/span> remaining<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> State<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> framework.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

n<\/span> the<\/span> context<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Workshop<\/span> on<\/span> “<\/span>Normative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Defeasibility<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Public<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Law”,<\/i><\/span> the<\/span> following<\/span> paper<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> brief<\/span> introduction<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> core<\/span> ideas<\/span> of<\/span> normative<\/span> defeasibility<\/span> in<\/span> public<\/span> law.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> points<\/span> are<\/span> to<\/span> understand<\/span> what<\/span> normative<\/span> defeasibility<\/span> is<\/span> and<\/span> to<\/span> demonstrate<\/span> that<\/span> every<\/span> norm<\/span> within<\/span> a<\/span> legal<\/span> order<\/span> is<\/span> defeasible,<\/span> which<\/span> means<\/span> that<\/span> defeasibility<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> property<\/span> of<\/span> legal<\/span> norms.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> context<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Workshop<\/span> on<\/span> “<\/span>The<\/i><\/span> <\/i>New<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Legal<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Status<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Railway<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Companies<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Europe<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>China”<\/i><\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span> next<\/span> paper<\/span> finds<\/span> similarities<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> evolution<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Chinese<\/span> and<\/span> European<\/span> railway<\/span> systems<\/span> since,<\/span> in<\/span> both<\/span> cases,<\/span> the<\/span> starting<\/span> point<\/span> was<\/span> a<\/span> national<\/span> public<\/span> monopoly,<\/span> which<\/span> is<\/span> progressively<\/span> open<\/span> to<\/span> competition.<\/span> European<\/span> Law,<\/span> although<\/span> at<\/span> a<\/span> more<\/span> advanced<\/span> stage<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> process,<\/span> is<\/span> still<\/span> facing<\/span> issues<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> Chinese<\/span> system<\/span> is<\/span> now<\/span> addressing,<\/span> like<\/span> regulation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> network’s<\/span> utilization<\/span> and<\/span> determination<\/span> of<\/span> prices.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> third<\/span> part<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> comprises<\/span> the<\/span> speeches<\/span> by<\/span> Professors<\/span> Marco<\/span> D’Alberti<\/span> and<\/span> Elisenda<\/span> Malaret<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> “Celebration<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> 100<\/span> Years<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> Birthdate<\/span> of<\/span> Massimo<\/span> Giannini”.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Finally,<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> fourth<\/span> part<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> are<\/span> presented<\/span> the<\/span> speeches<\/span> pronounced<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> occasion<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Laudationes<\/span> to<\/span> Professor<\/span> Agust\u00edn<\/span> Gordillo<\/span> (speeches<\/span> by<\/span> Professors<\/span> Jos\u00e9<\/span> Esteve<\/span> Pardo<\/span> and<\/span> Isaac<\/span> Augusto<\/span> Damsky<\/span> and<\/span> Acknowledgments<\/span> by<\/span> Professor<\/span> Agust\u00edn<\/span> Gordillo).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

VOLUME<\/b><\/span> <\/b>SUMMARY<\/b><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PART<\/span> I<\/span> \/<\/span> I\u00c8RE<\/span> PARTIE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

FOREWORD<\/span> \/<\/span> AVANT-PROPOS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

GENERAL<\/span> INTRODUCTION:<\/span> THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>POWERS<\/b><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>UNION<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>EUROPEAN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>ECONOMIC<\/b><\/span> <\/b>GOVERNANCE:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>NEW<\/b><\/span> <\/b>TRANSFERS<\/b><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span> <\/b>SOVEREIGNTY<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> INTRODUCTION<\/span> G\u00c9N\u00c9RALE:<\/span> LES<\/span> POUVOIRS<\/span> DE<\/span> L’UNION<\/span> DANS<\/span> LA<\/span> GOUVERNANCE<\/span> \u00c9CONOMIQUE<\/span> EUROP\u00c9ENNE:<\/span> NOUVEAUX<\/span> TRANSFERTS<\/span> DE<\/span> SOUVERAINET\u00c9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.<\/span> GNES,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union<\/b><\/span> <\/b>at<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Monetary<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Turning<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Point:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Towards<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Genuine<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Integration<\/b><\/span> <\/b>or<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Dis-integration?<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nW.<\/span> MENG,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Powers<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Economic<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Governance:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>New<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Transfers<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Sovereignty<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>EUROPEAN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>BANKING<\/b><\/span> <\/b>GOVERNANCE<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> LA<\/span> GOUVERNANCE<\/span> BANCAIRE<\/span> EUROPEENNE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CH.V.<\/span> GORTSOS,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>An<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Introduction<\/b><\/span> <\/b>to<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Legal<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Framework<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nD.<\/span> SARMIENTO,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Governance.<\/b><\/span> <\/b>The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Single<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Supervisory<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Mechanism<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union’s<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Challenge<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>GUARANTEES<\/b><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>STATES<\/b><\/span> <\/b>PARTICIPATING<\/b><\/span> <\/b>AND<\/b><\/span> <\/b>NOT<\/b><\/span> <\/b>PARTICIPATING
\nIN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>BANKING<\/b><\/span> <\/b>UNION<\/b><\/span> <\/b>AND<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>“FISCAL<\/b><\/span> <\/b>COMPACT”<\/b><\/span> \/
\nLES<\/span> GARANTIES<\/span> DES<\/span> \u00c9TATS<\/span> PARTICIPANT<\/span> OU<\/span> NON<\/span> \u00c0<\/span> L’UNION<\/span> BANCAIRE
\nET<\/span> AU<\/span> “PACTE<\/span> BUDG\u00c9TAIRE”<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.<\/span> CLARICH,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Guarantees<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>States<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Participating<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Not<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Participating<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union<\/b><\/span> <\/b>[IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nP.<\/span> IDOUX,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Guarantees<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>States<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Participating<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Not<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>“Fiscal<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Compact”<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> FRENCH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

GENERAL<\/b><\/span> <\/b>CONCLUSIONS<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> CONCLUSIONS<\/span> G\u00c9N\u00c9RALES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.P.<\/span> CHITI,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>New<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Economic<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Governance<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union.<\/b><\/span> <\/b>General<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Conclusions<\/b><\/span>[IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PART<\/span> II<\/span> \/<\/span> II\u00c8ME<\/span> PARTIE
\n<\/span>WORKSHOPS<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> ATELIERS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

FINANCIAL<\/b><\/span> <\/b>INCLUSION:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>SERVICES<\/b><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span> <\/b>GENERAL<\/b><\/span> <\/b>ECONOMIC<\/b><\/span> <\/b>INTEREST<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>BANKING<\/b><\/span> <\/b>SECTOR<\/b><\/span> <\/b>AND<\/b><\/span> <\/b>CITIZEN’S<\/b><\/span> <\/b>RIGHTS<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> Inclusion<\/span> financi\u00e8re:<\/span> services<\/span> d’int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/span> \u00e9conomique<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9ral
\ndans<\/span> le<\/span> secteur<\/span> bancaire<\/span> et<\/span> le<\/span> secteur<\/span> des<\/span> droits<\/span> des<\/span> citoyens<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CH.V.<\/span> GORTSOS,<\/span> Financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Inclusion:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>An<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Introduction<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nJ.<\/span> PONCE,<\/span> Directive<\/b><\/span> <\/b>2014\/92\/EU<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Parliament<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Council,<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>23<\/b><\/span> <\/b>July<\/b><\/span> <\/b>2014,<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Access<\/b><\/span> <\/b>to<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Payment<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Accounts<\/b><\/span> <\/b>with<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Basic<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Features<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nV.<\/span> FERRARO,<\/span> Public<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Approaches<\/b><\/span> <\/b>toward<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banking<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>A<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Focus<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Italian<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Experience<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

NORMATIVE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>DEFEASIBILITY<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>PUBLIC<\/b><\/span> <\/b>LAW<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> D\u00e9faisabilit\u00e9<\/span> normative<\/span> en<\/span> droit<\/span> public<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D.<\/span> DUARTE,<\/span> A<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Brief<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Note<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Normative<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Defeasibility<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Public<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

THE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>NEW<\/b><\/span> <\/b>LEGAL<\/b><\/span> <\/b>STATUS<\/b><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span> <\/b>RAILWAY<\/b><\/span> <\/b>COMPANIES<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>EUROPE<\/b><\/span> <\/b>AND<\/b><\/span> <\/b>IN<\/b><\/span> <\/b>CHINA<\/b><\/span> \/Le<\/span> nouveau<\/span> statut<\/span> juridique<\/span> des<\/span> entreprises<\/span> ferroviaires<\/span> en<\/span> Europe<\/span> et<\/span> en<\/span> Chine<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

HUAIDE<\/span> MA<\/span> \/<\/span> TH.<\/span> DESTAILLEUR,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>New<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Legal<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Status<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Railway<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Companies<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Europe<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>China<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PART<\/span> III<\/span> \/<\/span> III\u00c8ME<\/span> PARTIE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/span>elebration<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> 100<\/span> years<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> birthday<\/span> of<\/span> MASSIMO<\/span> SEVERO<\/span> GIANNINI<\/span> \/<\/span> C\u00e9l\u00e9bration<\/span> du<\/span> 100\u00e8me<\/span> anniversaire<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> naissance<\/span> DE<\/span> MASSIMO<\/span> SEVERO<\/span> GIANNINI<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.<\/span> D’ALBERTI,<\/span> Professor<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Rome<\/span> La<\/span> Sapienza,<\/span> Italy<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nE.<\/span> MALARET,<\/span> Professeure<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l’Universit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> Barcelone,<\/span> Espagne<\/span> [IN<\/span> FRENCH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PART<\/span> IV<\/span> \/<\/span> IV\u00c8ME<\/span> PARTIE
\nLaudatio:<\/span> PROF.<\/span> AGUST\u00cdN<\/span> GORDILLO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

J.<\/span> ESTEVE<\/span> PARDO,<\/span> Professor<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Barcelona,<\/span> Spain<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nI.<\/span> A.<\/span> DAMSKY,<\/span> Professor<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/span> Law<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Buenos<\/span> Aires,<\/span> Argentina<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nA.<\/span> GORDILLO,<\/span> Professor<\/span> Emeritus<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Buenos<\/span> Aires,<\/span> Argentina<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

INFORMATION<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Brief<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> summary<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> of<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> selected<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> articles<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/strong>THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> EUROPEAN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> UNION<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> AT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> MONETARY<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> TURNING<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> POINT:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>TOWARDS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> GENUINE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> INTEGRATION<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> OR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> DIS-INTEGRATION?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Matteo<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> GNES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Professor<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> Universit\u00e0<\/span> di<\/span> Urbino<\/span> Carlo<\/span> Bo,<\/span> Italy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

European<\/span> integration<\/span> is<\/span> facing<\/span> one<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> difficult,<\/span> but<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> same<\/span> time,<\/span> challenging<\/span> periods<\/span> of<\/span> its<\/span> life.<\/span> The<\/span> European<\/span> crisis<\/span> is<\/span> not<\/span> yet<\/span> overcome;<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> Asian<\/span> crisis<\/span> is<\/span> approaching.<\/span> Only<\/span> a<\/span> strongly<\/span> integrated<\/span> Europe<\/span> may<\/span> resist<\/span> and<\/span> even<\/span> make<\/span> profit<\/span> from<\/span> such<\/span> challenges.<\/span> Only<\/span> if<\/span> linked<\/span> together<\/span> will<\/span> European<\/span> countries<\/span> be<\/span> able<\/span> to<\/span> remain<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> G8<\/span> group<\/span> after<\/span> 2050.<\/span> The<\/span> aim<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> report<\/span> is<\/span> to<\/span> point<\/span> out<\/span> and<\/span> to<\/span> stimulate<\/span> the<\/span> debate<\/span> only<\/span> on<\/span> those<\/span> issues<\/span> that<\/span> are<\/span> more<\/span> strictly<\/span> related<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> “monetary<\/span> governance”<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union.<\/span> In<\/span> order<\/span> to<\/span> better<\/span> understand<\/span> the<\/span> path<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> monetary<\/span> integration,<\/span> the<\/span> report<\/span> first<\/span> quickly<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> process<\/span> that<\/span> led<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> construction<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> common<\/span> currency<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union,<\/span> i.e.<\/span> the<\/span> path<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Monetary<\/span> Union<\/span> (EMU)<\/span> and<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> establishment<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Central<\/span> Bank<\/span> (ECB).<\/span> Then,<\/span> it<\/span> illustrates<\/span> some<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> important<\/span> issues<\/span> concerning<\/span> EMU<\/span> and<\/span> ECB,<\/span> especially<\/span> as<\/span> concerns<\/span> the<\/span> costs<\/span> and<\/span> benefits<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> monetary<\/span> union;<\/span> the<\/span> problem<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> “unaccountability”<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> ECB;<\/span> the<\/span> overregulation<\/span> aimed<\/span> at<\/span> achieving<\/span> economic<\/span> and<\/span> fiscal<\/span> coordination;<\/span> the<\/span> consequences<\/span> on<\/span> citizens’<\/span> rights<\/span> and<\/span> safeguards.<\/span> Finally,<\/span> in<\/span> order<\/span> to<\/span> discuss<\/span> the<\/span> problem<\/span> of<\/span> whether<\/span> a<\/span> political<\/span> union<\/span> is<\/span> advisable<\/span> or<\/span> even<\/span> necessary,<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> experience<\/span> is<\/span> compared<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> origins<\/span> of<\/span> central<\/span> banking<\/span> of<\/span> two<\/span> “integrating”<\/span> countries<\/span> (i.e.<\/span> the<\/span> institution<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> federal<\/span> central<\/span> bank<\/span> system<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> United<\/span> States<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> institution<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> central<\/span> bank<\/span> in<\/span> Italy<\/span> after<\/span> its<\/span> unification).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/strong>THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> POWERS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> OF<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> UNION<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> IN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> EUROPEAN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ECONOMIC<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> GOVERNANCE:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>NEW<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> TRANSFERS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> OF<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> SOVEREIGNTY<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

W<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>erner<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> MENG<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof.<\/span> Dr.,<\/span> Saarbr\u00fccken\/Mainz<\/span> (D),<\/span> Athens<\/span> (GR)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> middle<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> deep<\/span> and<\/span> perhaps<\/span> existential<\/span> crisis<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union,<\/span> there<\/span> is<\/span> a<\/span> major<\/span> concern<\/span> among<\/span> the<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> and<\/span> particularly<\/span> within<\/span> the<\/span> Union<\/span> itself,<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> survival<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> monetary<\/span> union<\/span> is<\/span> dependent<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> further<\/span> development<\/span> of<\/span> unitary<\/span> structures,<\/span> which<\/span> means:<\/span> more<\/span> integration.<\/span> The<\/span> last<\/span> major<\/span> prospective<\/span> plan<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> respect<\/span> is<\/span> contained<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> “Report<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> five<\/span> presidents<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Union”,<\/span> that<\/span> was<\/span> issued<\/span> in<\/span> June<\/span> 2015<\/span> on<\/span> “Europe’s<\/span> Economic<\/span> and<\/span> Monetary<\/span> Union”.<\/span> It<\/span> deals<\/span> with<\/span> further<\/span> developments<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> economic,<\/span> financial,<\/span> fiscal<\/span> and<\/span> political<\/span> Union.<\/span> The<\/span> present<\/span> report<\/span> looks<\/span> at<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> questions<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> plan.<\/span> Unfortunately,<\/span> the<\/span> legal<\/span> prerequisites<\/span> are<\/span> not<\/span> being<\/span> dealt<\/span> with<\/span> therein<\/span> in<\/span> sufficient<\/span> clarity.<\/span> Since<\/span> the<\/span> plan<\/span> contains<\/span> some<\/span> considerable<\/span> steps<\/span> for<\/span> further<\/span> integration,<\/span> at<\/span> least<\/span> as<\/span> concerns<\/span> the<\/span> second<\/span> step,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> indispensable<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> questions,<\/span> and<\/span> particularly<\/span> the<\/span> powers<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Union,<\/span> are<\/span> thoroughly<\/span> evaluated.<\/span> This<\/span> is<\/span> even<\/span> more<\/span> necessary,<\/span> since<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> control<\/span> of<\/span> any<\/span> further<\/span> steps<\/span> of<\/span> integration<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> tightened<\/span> given<\/span> the<\/span> jurisprudence<\/span> of<\/span> some<\/span> constitutional<\/span> courts.<\/span> The<\/span> present<\/span> report<\/span> tries<\/span> to<\/span> highlight<\/span> some<\/span> pivotal<\/span> questions<\/span> that<\/span> have<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> answered<\/span> before<\/span> such<\/span> a<\/span> plan<\/span> can<\/span> really<\/span> being<\/span> driven<\/span> forward.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

EUROPEAN<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>REVIEW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>PUBLIC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>LAW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> (ERPL)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>vol.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 27,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> no<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 3,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> autumn\/automne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 2015<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> (97)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

This<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> starts<\/span> with<\/span> an<\/span> article<\/span> showing<\/span> the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>importance<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>a<\/b><\/span> <\/b>measure<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>state<\/b><\/span> <\/b>intervention<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>market<\/b><\/span> <\/b>arena<\/b><\/span> <\/b>to<\/b><\/span> <\/b>induce<\/b><\/span> <\/b>sustainable<\/b><\/span> <\/b>development,<\/b><\/span> <\/b>amidst<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>recent<\/b><\/span> <\/b>economic-financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>environmental<\/b><\/span> <\/b>crises.<\/b><\/span> The<\/span> conditions<\/span> are<\/span> presented<\/span> for<\/span> a<\/span> regulation<\/span> compatible<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution,<\/span> especially<\/span> to<\/span> correct<\/span> market<\/span> and<\/span> government<\/span> failures.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> next<\/span> article<\/span> views<\/span> ‘security<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>balance’<\/b><\/span> in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>context<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>state<\/b><\/span> <\/b>surveillance<\/b><\/span> <\/b>measures<\/b><\/span> post-9\/11<\/span> and<\/span> conceptualizes<\/span> it<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> ‘war<\/span> on<\/span> terror’<\/span> model<\/span> as<\/span> opposed<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> ‘law<\/span> enforcement’<\/span> model.<\/span> As<\/span> many<\/span> states<\/span> seem<\/span> to<\/span> have<\/span> valued<\/span> security<\/span> higher<\/span> than<\/span> others,<\/span> the<\/span> focus<\/span> is<\/span> placed<\/span> on<\/span> courts,<\/span> rather<\/span> than<\/span> parliaments,<\/span> as<\/span> forums<\/span> of<\/span> such<\/span> choices,<\/span> especially<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Human<\/span> Rights<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> US<\/span> Supreme<\/span> Court.<\/span> This<\/span> article<\/span> concludes<\/span> that<\/span> European<\/span> judges,<\/span> compared<\/span> to<\/span> their<\/span> American<\/span> counterparts,<\/span> have<\/span> proved<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> less<\/span> deferential<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> government<\/span> prerogatives<\/span> in<\/span> security<\/span> matters.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> next<\/span> article,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> claimed<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Stability<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Growth<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Pact<\/b><\/span> (SGP)<\/span> sets<\/span> rigid<\/span> budgetary<\/span> frameworks<\/span> to<\/span> EU<\/span> Member<\/span> States,<\/span> within<\/span> which<\/span> the<\/span> latter<\/span> must<\/span> ensure<\/span> local<\/span> authorities<\/span> adequate<\/span> financing<\/span> for<\/span> their<\/span> statutory<\/span> responsibilities<\/span> as<\/span> required<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> stated<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> interpreted<\/span> as<\/span> meaning<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> public<\/span> sector<\/span> cannot<\/span> take<\/span> on<\/span> more<\/span> tasks<\/span> than<\/span> it<\/span> can<\/span> afford,<\/span> which<\/span> means<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> SGP<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle<\/span> are<\/span> not<\/span> in<\/span> conflict<\/span> with<\/span> each<\/span> other<\/span> but<\/span> rather<\/span> complement<\/span> each<\/span> other.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> fourth<\/span> article<\/span> on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Single<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Supervisory<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Mechanism<\/b><\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Central<\/span> Bank<\/span> (ECB),<\/span> which<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> entrusted<\/span> with<\/span> prudential<\/span> supervision<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> most<\/span> important<\/span> credit<\/span> institutions<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Eurozone,<\/span> a<\/span> process<\/span> that<\/span> raises<\/span> controversial<\/span> issues.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> concluded<\/span> that<\/span> close<\/span> cooperation<\/span> between<\/span> European<\/span> and<\/span> national<\/span> authorities<\/span> will<\/span> be<\/span> essential<\/span> to<\/span> ensure<\/span> the<\/span> smooth<\/span> functioning<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> very<\/span> complex<\/span> supervision<\/span> system<\/span> and<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> provision<\/span> of<\/span> an<\/span> internal<\/span> administrative<\/span> review<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> ECB<\/span> supervisory<\/span> decisions<\/span> may<\/span> play<\/span> a<\/span> significant<\/span> role<\/span> in<\/span> protecting<\/span> stakeholders.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Chronicles<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> one<\/span> deals<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Slovak<\/i><\/span> <\/i>experience<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>semi-presidential<\/i><\/span> <\/i>system<\/i><\/span> <\/i>as<\/span> introduced<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> 1999<\/span> Amendment<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution.<\/span> The<\/span> first<\/span> part<\/span> explains<\/span> the<\/span> origins<\/span> of<\/span> semi-presidentialism<\/span> in<\/span> Slovakia<\/span> and<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> powers<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> President,<\/span> while<\/span> the<\/span> second<\/span> part<\/span> analyzes<\/span> two<\/span> recent<\/span> cases<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> use<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> power<\/span> of<\/span> appointment<\/span> by<\/span> President<\/span> I.<\/span> Ga\u0161parovi\u010d.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> chronicle<\/span> maintains<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>“Revolution<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>dignity”<\/i><\/span> was<\/span> the<\/span> starting<\/span> point<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> new<\/span> stage<\/span> of<\/span> constitutional<\/span> changes<\/span> in<\/span> Ukraine,<\/span> including<\/span> the<\/span> adoption<\/span> of<\/span> legislation<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> “revolutionary<\/span> wave”.<\/span> The<\/span> constitutional<\/span> process<\/span> was<\/span> aimed<\/span> at<\/span> legal<\/span> regulation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> political<\/span> reality<\/span> that<\/span> followed<\/span> the<\/span> revolutionary<\/span> events.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> provisions<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> legislation<\/span> are<\/span> examined<\/span> along<\/span> with<\/span> developments<\/span> resulting<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> presidential,<\/span> parliamentary<\/span> and<\/span> local<\/span> elections<\/span> held<\/span> in<\/span> Ukraine<\/span> in<\/span> 2014,<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> the<\/span> launching<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> procedure<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> revision<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution<\/span> of<\/span> Ukraine<\/span> concerning<\/span> the<\/span> decentralization<\/span> of<\/span> power.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Next,<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> chronicle<\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> developments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>grounds<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>judicial<\/i><\/span> <\/i>review<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Ireland<\/i><\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> period<\/span> 2013<\/span> to<\/span> 2015,<\/span> namely<\/span> the<\/span> law<\/span> of<\/span> financial<\/span> bias,<\/span> the<\/span> right<\/span> of<\/span> an<\/span> individual<\/span> to<\/span> correct<\/span> defective<\/span> fact-finding,<\/span> the<\/span> operation<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> English<\/span> Carltona<\/span> rule<\/span> in<\/span> Irish<\/span> law<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> right<\/span> of<\/span> campaign<\/span> groups<\/span> to<\/span> engage<\/span> in<\/span> judicial<\/span> review.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> chronicle<\/span> provides<\/span> an<\/span> overview<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Portuguese<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Code<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Procedure<\/i><\/span> and<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> substantial<\/span> amendments<\/span> introduced<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> Procedural<\/span> Code<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/span> Courts,<\/span> both<\/span> enacted<\/span> in<\/span> 2015.<\/span> Several<\/span> major<\/span> topics<\/span> of<\/span> development<\/span> are<\/span> also<\/span> reflected<\/span> upon<\/span> and<\/span> considered.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> third<\/span> chronicle<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/span> Law,<\/span> the<\/span> discretionary<\/i><\/span> <\/i>power<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>administration<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>its<\/i><\/span> <\/i>legislative,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>judicial<\/i><\/span> <\/i>limits<\/i><\/span> <\/i>under<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Turkish<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Law<\/i><\/span> <\/i>are<\/span> set<\/span> forth<\/span> briefly.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> final<\/span> chronicle<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> section,<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>dynamics<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>legislative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>reforms<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>proceedings<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Ukraine<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>2014-2015<\/i><\/span> are<\/span> dealt<\/span> with.<\/span> This<\/span> chronicle<\/span> describes<\/span> the<\/span> impact<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> reform<\/span> of<\/span> justice<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> proceedings<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> judicial<\/span> review<\/span> institutions<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> resolution<\/span> of<\/span> public<\/span> law<\/span> disputes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> first<\/span> chronicle<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Jurisprudence<\/span> section<\/span> intends<\/span> to<\/span> provide<\/span> an<\/span> accurate<\/span> account<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> 2013-2014<\/span> case<\/span> law<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Belgian<\/span> Constitutional<\/span> Court.<\/span> The<\/span> authors<\/span> recall<\/span> the<\/span> structure,<\/span> the<\/span> organization<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> specificities<\/span> of<\/span> constitutional<\/span> litigation<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> country<\/span> and<\/span> they<\/span> devote<\/span> important<\/span> developments<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> judicial<\/span> techniques<\/span> used<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> Court<\/span> in<\/span> its<\/span> decisions.<\/span> In<\/span> this<\/span> framework,<\/span> the<\/span> authors<\/span> carefully<\/span> examine<\/span> fundamental<\/span> rights<\/span> litigation<\/span> and<\/span> competences<\/span> litigation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> chronicle<\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> a<\/span> variety<\/span> of<\/span> subject<\/span> matters<\/span> offered<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> cases<\/span> dealt<\/span> with<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Justice<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Union<\/span> in<\/span> 2014.<\/span> The<\/span> economic<\/span> and<\/span> social<\/span> life<\/span> remains<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> center<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> questions<\/span> raised,<\/span> but<\/span> the<\/span> questions<\/span> arising<\/span> from<\/span> issues<\/span> touching<\/span> most<\/span> sensitive<\/span> parts<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> human<\/span> condition<\/span> appearing<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Union<\/span> law<\/span> lead<\/span> to<\/span> new<\/span> innovative<\/span> solutions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> third<\/span> and<\/span> final<\/span> chronicle<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> section<\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> decisions<\/span> issued<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> Portuguese<\/span> Constitutional<\/span> Court<\/span> in<\/span> 2014,<\/span> noticing<\/span> that<\/span> most<\/span> of<\/span> them<\/span> refer<\/span> to<\/span> concrete,<\/span> rather<\/span> than<\/span> abstract,<\/span> constitutional<\/span> control,<\/span> although<\/span> the<\/span> latter<\/span> registered<\/span> an<\/span> increase<\/span> in<\/span> comparison<\/span> to<\/span> preceding<\/span> years.<\/span> The<\/span> most<\/span> significant<\/span> decisions<\/span> regarded<\/span> public<\/span> servants<\/span> and<\/span> pensioners.<\/span> Decisions<\/span> on<\/span> tax<\/span> law,<\/span> penal<\/span> issues,<\/span> civil<\/span> liberties,<\/span> family<\/span> law<\/span> and<\/span> regional<\/span> autonomy<\/span> were<\/span> selected<\/span> considering<\/span> both<\/span> the<\/span> subject<\/span> in<\/span> itself<\/span> and<\/span> its<\/span> relevance<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> international<\/span> reader.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> continues<\/span> with<\/span> its<\/span> Book<\/span> Reviews<\/span> section,<\/span> with<\/span> an<\/span> interesting<\/span> selection<\/span> of<\/span> three<\/span> books<\/span> from<\/span> Austria,<\/span> Slovakia<\/span> and<\/span> Ukraine.<\/span> Finally,<\/span> ten<\/span> books<\/span> received<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> EPLO<\/span> Library<\/span> are<\/span> presented<\/span> in<\/span> this<\/span> last<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> issue.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CONTENT<\/span> SUMMARY<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ARTICLES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

J.<\/span> FREITAS,<\/span> Administrative<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Regulatory<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Challenges:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Market<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Government<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Failures<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> PORTUGUESE]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A.<\/span> TSIFTSOGLOU,<\/span> Security<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Balance:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Reviewing<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Surveillance<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Measures<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>‘War<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Terror’<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T.<\/span> MATIKAINEN,<\/span> General<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Principles<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Application<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Stability<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Growth<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Pact<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Principle<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Adequate<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Resources<\/b><\/span> <\/b>–<\/b><\/span> <\/b>To<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Coexist<\/b><\/span> <\/b>or<\/b><\/span> <\/b>To<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Conflict?<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

J.C.<\/span> LAGUNA<\/span> DE<\/span> PAZ,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Single<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Supervisory<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Mechanism<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/span>CHRONICLES<\/span> \/<\/span> CHRONIQUES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.<\/span> Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> Droit<\/span> constitutionnel<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E.<\/span> L\u00c1\u0160TIC,<\/span> Slovakia<\/span> \/<\/span> Slovaquie<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\n<\/span>\u0410.<\/span> \u0415\u0417\u0415\u0420\u041e\u0412,<\/span> Ukraine<\/span> [IN<\/span> RUSSIAN]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.<\/span> Administrative<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> Droit<\/span> administratif<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K.<\/span> COSTELLO,<\/span> Ireland<\/span> \/<\/span> Irlande<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nJ.<\/span> LOURO<\/span> E<\/span> COSTA<\/span> \/<\/span> A.<\/span> CHOON,<\/span> Portugal<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\nN.<\/span> ARAT,<\/span> Turkey<\/span> \/<\/span> Turquie<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\n<\/span>\u0410.<\/span> \u0421\u0410\u0420\u042b\u0411\u0410\u0415\u0412\u0410,<\/span> Ukraine<\/span> [IN<\/span> RUSSIAN]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.<\/span> Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A.-S.<\/span> BOUVY<\/span> \/<\/span> P.<\/span> DERMINE, <\/span>Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span> <\/b>\/<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span> <\/b>constitutionnelle, Belgium<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> Belgique<\/span> [IN<\/span> FRENCH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>.<\/span> TROUPIOTIS<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Court<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Justice<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Union<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span>Cour<\/span> de<\/span> justice<\/span> de<\/span> l<\/span>‘<\/span>Union<\/span> europ<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>enne<\/span> [<\/span>IN<\/span> FRENCH<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>.<\/span> SOUSA<\/span> PINHEIRO<\/span> \/<\/span> A<\/span>.<\/span> GON<\/span>\u00c7<\/span>ALVES<\/span> MARQUES<\/span> \/<\/span> M<\/span>.<\/span> MELO<\/span> EG<\/span>\u00cd<\/span>DIO<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span> <\/b>\/<\/span> Jurisprudence<\/span> constitutionnelle<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Portugal<\/b><\/span> <\/b>[<\/span>IN<\/span> ENGLISH<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

BOOK<\/span> REVIEWS<\/span> \/<\/span> NOTES<\/span> BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B.<\/span> LEITL-STAUDINGER<\/span> [IN<\/span> GERMAN]
\nA.<\/span> \u010eURFINA<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]
\n<\/span>\u041d.<\/span>\u0412.<\/span> \u041c\u0418\u0428\u0418\u041d\u0410 [IN<\/span> RUSSIAN]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Brief<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> summary<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> of<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> selected<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> article<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

GENERAL<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> PRINCIPLES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ON<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> APPLICATION<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>OF<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> STABILITY<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> AND<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> GROWTH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> PACT<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> AND<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> THE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> PRINCIPLE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> OF<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ADEQUATE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> FINANCIAL<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> RESOURCES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> –<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> TO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> COEXIST<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> OR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> TO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> CONFLICT?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Tanja<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> MATIKAINEN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

LL.D<\/span>.,<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Helsinki,<\/span> Finland<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> Stability<\/span> and<\/span> Growth<\/span> Pact<\/span> (SGP)<\/span> lays<\/span> down<\/span> rules<\/span> for<\/span> a<\/span> national<\/span> budgetary<\/span> framework<\/span> in<\/span> each<\/span> Member<\/span> State.<\/span> The<\/span> SGP<\/span> applies<\/span> to<\/span> general<\/span> government<\/span> as<\/span> a<\/span> whole,<\/span> but<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> required<\/span> to<\/span> have<\/span> a<\/span> separate<\/span> national<\/span> budgetary<\/span> framework<\/span> for<\/span> each<\/span> sub-sector<\/span> also.<\/span> These<\/span> comprise<\/span> of<\/span> State,<\/span> local<\/span> government<\/span> and<\/span> social<\/span> security<\/span> funds.<\/span> The<\/span> financing<\/span> principle<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> other<\/span> hand<\/span> only<\/span> lays<\/span> down<\/span> rules<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> State<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> sense<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> central<\/span> government<\/span> must<\/span> provide<\/span> local<\/span> authorities<\/span> adequate<\/span> financial<\/span> resources<\/span> for<\/span> their<\/span> statutory<\/span> responsibilities.<\/span> The<\/span> SGP<\/span> sets<\/span> rigid<\/span> budgetary<\/span> frameworks<\/span> to<\/span> Member<\/span> States<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> EU.<\/span> Within<\/span> those<\/span> budgetary<\/span> frameworks<\/span> a<\/span> Member<\/span> State<\/span> must<\/span> ensure<\/span> local<\/span> authorities<\/span> adequate<\/span> financing<\/span> for<\/span> their<\/span> statutory<\/span> responsibilities<\/span> as<\/span> required<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle.<\/span> This<\/span> is<\/span> also<\/span> a<\/span> question<\/span> of<\/span> public<\/span> sector<\/span> responsibilities<\/span> in<\/span> general<\/span> and<\/span> thus<\/span> highly<\/span> political.<\/span> It<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> stated<\/span> that,<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> point<\/span> of<\/span> view<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> public<\/span> finances,<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle<\/span> can<\/span> be<\/span> interpreted<\/span> as<\/span> meaning<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> public<\/span> sector<\/span> cannot<\/span> take<\/span> on<\/span> more<\/span> tasks<\/span> than<\/span> it<\/span> can<\/span> afford.<\/span> The<\/span> SGP<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> financing<\/span> principle<\/span> thus<\/span> are<\/span> not<\/span> in<\/span> conflict<\/span> with<\/span> each<\/span> other.<\/span> Rather,<\/span> they<\/span> complement<\/span> each<\/span> other.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

EUROPEAN<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>REVIEW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>OF<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>PUBLIC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>LAW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> (ERPL)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

vol.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 27,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> no<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 2,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> summer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> 2015<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> (96)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

This<\/span> volume<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> ERPL<\/span> starts<\/span> with<\/span> an<\/span> article<\/span> dealing<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> reconsideration<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>public<\/b><\/span> <\/b>intervention<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>sphere<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>connection<\/b><\/span> <\/b>with<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>concept<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>exclusion<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> The<\/span> national<\/span> banks<\/span> of<\/span> EU<\/span> Member<\/span> States,<\/span> pursuant<\/span> to<\/span> Directive<\/span> 2014\/92\/EU,<\/span> will<\/span> be<\/span> obliged<\/span> to<\/span> offer<\/span> payment<\/span> accounts<\/span> with<\/span> basic<\/span> features,<\/span> which<\/span> creates<\/span> the<\/span> right<\/span> to<\/span> open<\/span> such<\/span> a<\/span> payment<\/span> account,<\/span> while<\/span> some<\/span> precautions<\/span> are<\/span> taken<\/span> in<\/span> relation<\/span> to<\/span> money-laundering.<\/span> Finally,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> considered<\/span> whether<\/span> the<\/span> banking<\/span> activity<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> understood<\/span> as<\/span> an<\/span> economic<\/span> service<\/span> of<\/span> general<\/span> interest.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> article<\/span> claims<\/span> Public<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Management<\/b><\/span> has<\/span> its<\/span> roots<\/span> in<\/span> public<\/span> policy,<\/span> economics,<\/span> law,<\/span> political<\/span> science,<\/span> business<\/span> studies<\/span> and<\/span> is<\/span> widely<\/span> considered<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> a<\/span> political<\/span> and<\/span> institutional<\/span> rather<\/span> than<\/span> a<\/span> purely<\/span> technical<\/span> and<\/span> accounting<\/span> process.<\/span> Well-structured<\/span> Public<\/span> Financial<\/span> Management<\/span> systems<\/span> may<\/span> certainly<\/span> help<\/span> address<\/span> the<\/span> challenges<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> current<\/span> global<\/span> financial<\/span> crisis<\/span> and<\/span> also<\/span> facilitate<\/span> the<\/span> ongoing<\/span> fiscal<\/span> adjustment<\/span> process.<\/span> In<\/span> the<\/span> third<\/span> article,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> argued<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> government<\/span> and<\/span> administration<\/span> of<\/span> central<\/span> and<\/span> local<\/span> levels<\/span> are<\/span> put<\/span> through<\/span> difficult<\/span> trials<\/span> as<\/span> far<\/span> as<\/span> their<\/span> financial<\/span> situation<\/span> is<\/span> concerned.<\/span> Local<\/span> administration<\/span> may<\/span> improve<\/span> effectiveness<\/span> and<\/span> efficiency<\/span> of<\/span> budget-keeping<\/span> by<\/span> applying<\/span> modern<\/span> methods<\/span> of<\/span> New<\/span> Public<\/span> Management<\/span> and<\/span> good<\/span> Regulatory<\/span> Impact<\/span> Assessment.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> mandate<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> legislator<\/span> to<\/span> set<\/span> the<\/span> frame<\/span> for<\/span> autonomous,<\/span> vital<\/span> and<\/span> creative<\/span> local<\/span> governments<\/span> and<\/span> to<\/span> empower<\/span> them<\/span> –<\/span> including<\/span> the<\/span> provision<\/span> of<\/span> financial<\/span> resources<\/span> –<\/span> to<\/span> master<\/span> the<\/span> problems<\/span> of<\/span> their<\/span> citizens.<\/span> In<\/span> the<\/span> next<\/span> article,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> maintained<\/span> that<\/span> Italy<\/span> has<\/span> been<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> nation<\/span> worldwide<\/span> which<\/span> has<\/span> imposed<\/span> the<\/span> protection<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> cultural<\/span> heritage<\/span> and<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> landscape<\/span> as<\/span> a<\/span> fundamental<\/span> principle<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution,<\/span> but<\/span> planning<\/span> has<\/span> always<\/span> been<\/span> deficient<\/span> and<\/span> therefore<\/span> the<\/span> State<\/span> introduced,<\/span> starting<\/span> from<\/span> the<\/span> year<\/span> 2010,<\/span> a<\/span> binding<\/span> opinion<\/span> on<\/span> landscape<\/span> authorization.<\/span> The<\/span> conclusions<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> article<\/span> announce<\/span> the<\/span> existence<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> genuine<\/span> landscape<\/span> law.<\/span> In<\/span> the<\/span> fifth<\/span> article,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> noticed<\/span> that<\/span> an<\/span> increasing<\/span> number<\/span> of<\/span> constitutions<\/span> contain<\/span> “unamendable<\/span> provisions”<\/span> in<\/span> order<\/span> to<\/span> protect<\/span> essential<\/span> characteristics<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> constitutional<\/span> order<\/span> or<\/span> principles<\/span> perceived<\/span> as<\/span> being<\/span> at<\/span> risk<\/span> of<\/span> repeal<\/span> via<\/span> the<\/span> democratic<\/span> process.<\/span> The<\/span> paper<\/span> studies<\/span> the<\/span> text<\/span> of<\/span> unamendable<\/span> provisions<\/span> in<\/span> 735<\/span> former<\/span> and<\/span> current<\/span> written<\/span> national<\/span> constitutions<\/span> and<\/span> argues<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> limitations<\/span> are<\/span> utilized<\/span> to<\/span> preserve<\/span> a<\/span> core<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> nation’s<\/span> constitutional<\/span> identity,<\/span> thus<\/span> comprising<\/span> its<\/span> “genetic<\/span> code”.<\/span> Finally,<\/span> the<\/span> sixth<\/span> article<\/span> raises<\/span> the<\/span> question<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> autonomy<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> concept<\/span> of<\/span> sanction<\/span> in<\/span> substantive<\/span> law,<\/span> argues<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> concept<\/span> of<\/span> sanction<\/span> is<\/span> making<\/span> its<\/span> presence<\/span> tangible<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> jurisprudence<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Human<\/span> Rights,<\/span> while<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> also<\/span> claiming<\/span> the<\/span> concept’s<\/span> autonomy<\/span> in<\/span> everything<\/span> we<\/span> can<\/span> characterize<\/span> as<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> law<\/span> enforcement<\/span> universe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Chronicles<\/b><\/span> <\/b>on<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> chronicle<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/span> case<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Ioannidou<\/i><\/span> <\/i>&<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Others<\/i><\/span> <\/i>v.<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Republic<\/i><\/span> <\/i>through<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Treasury<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Republic<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Cyprus<\/i><\/span>,<\/span> dated<\/span> of<\/span> October<\/span> 7,<\/span> 2014,<\/span> the<\/span> subject-matter<\/span> of<\/span> which<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> administrative<\/span> decisions<\/span> for<\/span> “suspension”<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> payment<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> retirement<\/span> pension<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> applicants.<\/span> The<\/span> majority<\/span> decision<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Supreme<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Cyprus<\/span> held<\/span> that<\/span> the<\/span> applicants’<\/span> pensionary<\/span> rights<\/span> constitute<\/span> property<\/span> rights,<\/span> and<\/span> as<\/span> such<\/span> the<\/span> contested<\/span> decisions<\/span> were<\/span> declared<\/span> null<\/span> and<\/span> void.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> chronicle<\/span> underlines<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>three<\/i><\/span> <\/i>main<\/i><\/span> <\/i>internationally<\/i><\/span> <\/i>recognized<\/i><\/span> <\/i>features<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>a<\/i><\/span> <\/i>central<\/i><\/span> <\/i>bank’s<\/i><\/span> <\/i>governance<\/i><\/span> and<\/span> describes<\/span> how<\/span> the<\/span> National<\/span> Bank<\/span> of<\/span> Georgia<\/span> and<\/span> Georgian<\/span> legislation<\/span> meet<\/span> these<\/span> international<\/span> requirements.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> third<\/span> chronicle<\/span> examines<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>resignation<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Italian<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Prime<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Minister<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Enrico<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Letta<\/i><\/span> following<\/span> the<\/span> decision<\/span> of<\/span> his<\/span> party<\/span> to<\/span> change<\/span> the<\/span> cabinet,<\/span> the<\/span> appointment<\/span> of<\/span> Matteo<\/span> Renzi,<\/span> whose<\/span> cabinet<\/span> is<\/span> supported<\/span> by<\/span> parties<\/span> belonging<\/span> both<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> centre-left<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> centre-right,<\/span> his<\/span> promotion<\/span> of<\/span> an<\/span> agreement<\/span> with<\/span> Silvio<\/span> Berlusconi<\/span> to<\/span> approve<\/span> some<\/span> electoral<\/span> and<\/span> constitutional<\/span> reforms<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> annoucement<\/span> of<\/span> President<\/span> Napolitano’s<\/span> intention<\/span> to<\/span> resign.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> fourth<\/span> chronicle<\/span> refers<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> celebration<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>200th<\/i><\/span> <\/i>anniversary<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Netherlands<\/i><\/span>,<\/span> during<\/span> which<\/span> period<\/span> the<\/span> Dutch<\/span> Constitution<\/span> has<\/span> proved<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> of<\/span> great<\/span> value<\/span> in<\/span> shaping<\/span> and<\/span> regulating<\/span> the<\/span> Dutch<\/span> society<\/span> and<\/span> legal<\/span> order.<\/span> Given<\/span> the<\/span> stringent<\/span> amendment<\/span> procedure<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution,<\/span> it<\/span> is<\/span> unlikely<\/span> that<\/span> proposed<\/span> amendments<\/span> to<\/span> it<\/span> will<\/span> be<\/span> enacted<\/span> into<\/span> law<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> near<\/span> future.<\/span> It<\/span> also<\/span> notes<\/span> other<\/span> developments<\/span> such<\/span> as<\/span> the<\/span> practice<\/span> of<\/span> ‘seat<\/span> banditry,<\/span> the<\/span> inauguration<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> new<\/span> Head<\/span> of<\/span> State<\/span> King<\/span> Willem-Alexander,<\/span> the<\/span> SGP-case,<\/span> the<\/span> Vereniging<\/span> Martijn<\/span> case<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> upcoming<\/span> trial<\/span> against<\/span> Geert<\/span> Wilders,<\/span> all<\/span> three<\/span> of<\/span> importance<\/span> for<\/span> human<\/span> rights<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> country,<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> decentralization<\/span> proposals<\/span> carried<\/span> out<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> government<\/span> in<\/span> 2013<\/span> and<\/span> 2014.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> final<\/span> chronicle<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> section<\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> a<\/span> number<\/span> of<\/span> significant<\/i><\/span> <\/i>amendments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>made<\/i><\/span> <\/i>to<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Russian<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Constitution<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>2014,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>a<\/span> year<\/span> that<\/span> is<\/span> remarkable<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> increase<\/span> in<\/span> legislative<\/span> initiatives<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> legislative<\/span> activity<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> federal<\/span> parliament<\/span> in<\/span> comparison<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> previous<\/span> years,<\/span> revealing<\/span> the<\/span> intention<\/span> to<\/span> preserve<\/span> the<\/span> existing<\/span> political<\/span> regime,<\/span> to<\/span> strengthen<\/span> the<\/span> presidential<\/span> power<\/span> and<\/span> suppress<\/span> the<\/span> political<\/span> opposition<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> foreign<\/span> influence<\/span> in<\/span> favor<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> state<\/span> interests,<\/span> a<\/span> tendency<\/span> which<\/span> has<\/span> an<\/span> adverse<\/span> effect<\/span> on<\/span> fundamental<\/span> human<\/span> rights.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Next,<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> the<\/span> first<\/span> chronicle<\/span> focuses<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> rich<\/i><\/span> <\/i>developments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>French<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Law<\/i><\/span>,<\/span> marked<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> strengthening<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> role<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> administrative<\/span> court.<\/span> On<\/span> the<\/span> legislative<\/span> level,<\/span> the<\/span> law<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> provisions<\/span> regarding<\/span> the<\/span> fight<\/span> against<\/span> terrorism<\/span> as<\/span> well<\/span> as<\/span> the<\/span> establishment<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> semi-public<\/span> company<\/span> consisting<\/span> of<\/span> a<\/span> single<\/span> operation<\/span> purpose<\/span> dominate<\/span> the<\/span> developments,<\/span> whereas<\/span> the<\/span> exercise<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> principle<\/span> “silence<\/span> is<\/span> deemed<\/span> to<\/span> signal<\/span> acceptance”<\/span> keeps<\/span> on<\/span> requiring<\/span> measures<\/span> of<\/span> implementation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> next<\/span> chronicle<\/span> discusses<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>developments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>law<\/i><\/span> <\/i>and<\/i><\/span> <\/i>jurisprudence<\/i><\/span> <\/i>that<\/i><\/span> <\/i>took<\/i><\/span> <\/i>place<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Netherlands<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>2014-15<\/i><\/span>.<\/span> Overall,<\/span> Dutch<\/span> administrative<\/span> law<\/span> seems<\/span> to<\/span> be<\/span> moving<\/span> away<\/span> from<\/span> its<\/span> recent<\/span> infatuation<\/span> with<\/span> efficiency<\/span> towards<\/span> a<\/span> more<\/span> balanced<\/span> approach.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> third<\/span> and<\/span> final<\/span> chronicle<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> of<\/span> Administrative<\/span> Law<\/span> is<\/span> devoted<\/span> to<\/span> actual<\/i><\/span> <\/i>amendments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Russian<\/i><\/span> <\/i>administrative<\/i><\/span> <\/i>law<\/i><\/span> that<\/span> occured<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> field<\/span> of<\/span> state<\/span> antimonopoly<\/span> control<\/span> in<\/span> public<\/span> and<\/span> corporate<\/span> procurement.<\/span> The<\/span> main<\/span> novation<\/span> and<\/span> changes<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> regulations<\/span> governing<\/span> the<\/span> contract<\/span> system<\/span> in<\/span> procurement<\/span> and<\/span> corporate<\/span> procurement<\/span> are<\/span> also<\/span> considered.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> first<\/span> chronicle<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span> <\/b>section<\/b><\/span> provides<\/span> an<\/span> overview<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>28<\/i><\/span> <\/i>final<\/i><\/span> <\/i>judgments<\/i><\/span> <\/i>that<\/i><\/span> <\/i>deemed<\/i><\/span> <\/i>to<\/i><\/span> <\/i>bear<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>highest<\/i><\/span> <\/i>level<\/i><\/span> <\/i>of<\/i><\/span> <\/i>importance<\/i><\/span> and<\/span> were<\/span> selected<\/span> for<\/span> publication<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Reports<\/span> of<\/span> Judgments<\/span> and<\/span> Decisions<\/span> 2014<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> European<\/span> Court<\/span> of<\/span> Human<\/span> Rights.<\/span> The<\/span> discussion<\/span> is<\/span> structured<\/span> under<\/span> different<\/span> headings,<\/span> with<\/span> reference<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> Convention<\/span> Article<\/span> concerned,<\/span> while<\/span> reference<\/span> is<\/span> made<\/span> to<\/span> the<\/span> main<\/span> parts<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> judgments.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The<\/span> second<\/span> and<\/span> final<\/span> chronicle<\/span> of<\/span> this<\/span> section<\/span> analyzes<\/span> the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>decisions<\/i><\/span> <\/i>rendered<\/i><\/span> <\/i>by<\/i><\/span> <\/i>the<\/i><\/span> <\/i>French<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Constitutional<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Council<\/i><\/span> <\/i>in<\/i><\/span> <\/i>2013,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>a<\/span> year<\/span> marked<\/span> by<\/span> an<\/span> increase<\/span> in<\/span> a<\/span> priori<\/span> litigation<\/span> and<\/span> a<\/span> slight<\/span> decrease<\/span> in<\/span> a<\/span> posteriori<\/span> litigation.<\/span> Adjudicating<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> institutional<\/span> law<\/span> as<\/span> material,<\/span> the<\/span> Constitutional<\/span> Council<\/span> confirmed<\/span> both<\/span> its<\/span> role<\/span> as<\/span> interpreter<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> Constitution<\/span> and<\/span> its<\/span> place<\/span> within<\/span> the<\/span> institutions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This<\/span> ERPL<\/span> issue<\/span> concludes<\/span> with<\/span> the<\/span> Book<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Reviews<\/b><\/span> <\/b>section<\/b><\/span>,<\/span> with<\/span> two<\/span> chronicles<\/span> coming<\/span> from<\/span> Italy<\/span> and<\/span> the<\/span> Netherlands<\/span> respectively,<\/span> while<\/span> the<\/span> section<\/span> finishes<\/span> with<\/span> reviews<\/span> of<\/span> important<\/span> public<\/span> law<\/span> books<\/span> that<\/span> were<\/span> received.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Overall,<\/span> this<\/span> is<\/span> another<\/span> issue<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> ERPL<\/span> where,<\/span> as<\/span> standardly<\/span> pursued<\/span> by<\/span> the<\/span> Review,<\/span> many<\/span> topical<\/span> issues<\/span> are<\/span> discussed<\/span> and<\/span> a<\/span> multinational<\/span> overview<\/span> of<\/span> developments<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> Constitutional<\/span> and<\/span> Administrative<\/span> Law<\/span> and<\/span> Jurisprudence<\/span> of<\/span> several<\/span> countries<\/span> is<\/span> presented.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CONTENT<\/span> SUMMARY<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\nARTICLES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

J.<\/span> PONCE,<\/span> Private<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Banks,<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Services<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>General<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Interest<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Prevention<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Money-laundering<\/b><\/span> <\/b>with<\/b><\/span> <\/b>regard<\/b><\/span> <\/b>to<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Corruption<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E.<\/span> G.<\/span> BALTA,<\/span> Towards<\/b><\/span> <\/b>a<\/b><\/span> <\/b>New<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Sustainable<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Public<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Financial<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Management<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Times<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Crisis<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U.<\/span> KARPEN,<\/span> Legislation<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Plan<\/b><\/span> <\/b>to<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Strengthen<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Local<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Finance<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S.<\/span> FLORIO,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Prism<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Landscape:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>An<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Italian<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Run<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> FRENCH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y.<\/span> ROZNAI,<\/span> Unamendability<\/b><\/span> <\/b>and<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Genetic<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Code<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Constitution<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S.<\/span> LYTRAS,<\/span> The<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Concept<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Sanction<\/b><\/span> <\/b>in<\/b><\/span> <\/b>the<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Field<\/b><\/span> <\/b>of<\/b><\/span> <\/b>European<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Enforcement:<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Criminal<\/b><\/span> <\/b>or<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Disciplinary<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law?<\/b><\/span> [IN<\/span> FRENCH]
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CHRONICLES<\/span> \/<\/span> CHRONIQUES<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.<\/span> Constitutional<\/b><\/span> <\/b>Law<\/b><\/span> \/<\/span> Droit<\/span> constitutionnel<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M.<\/span> KYRIACOU,<\/span> Cyprus<\/span> \/<\/span> Chypre<\/span> [IN<\/span> ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I<\/span>.<\/span> KALANDADZE<\/span>,<\/span> Georgia<\/span> \/<\/span> G<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>orgie<\/span> [<\/span>IN<\/span> ENGLISH<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CH<\/span>.<\/span> MARTINI<\/span> \/<\/span> F<\/span>.<\/span> TEDDE<\/span>,<\/span> Italy<\/span> \/<\/span> Italie<\/span> [<\/span>IN<\/span> ITALIAN<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R<\/span>.<\/span> NEHMELMAN<\/span> \/<\/span> M<\/span>.<\/span> VETZO<\/span>,<\/span> The<\/span> Netherlands<\/span> \/<\/span> Pays<\/span>–<\/span>Bas<\/span> [<\/span>IN<\/span> ENGLISH<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>.<\/span> HURSHUDYAN<\/span> \/<\/span> O<\/span>.<\/span> KUDRYASHOVA<\/span> \/<\/span> S<\/span>.<\/span> OLENNIKOV<\/span> \/<\/span> I<\/span>.<\/span> VASIL<\/span>‘<\/span>EV<\/span>,<\/span> Russia<\/span> \/<\/span> Russie<\/span> [<\/span>IN<\/span> ENGLISH<\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II. Administrative<\/b> <\/b>Law<\/b> \/ Droit administratif<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L. BAHOUGNE, France [IN FRENCH]
\nA. BUIJZE, The Netherlands \/ Pays-Bas [IN ENGLISH]
\n\u041a.\u0410. \u041f\u0418\u0421\u0415\u041d\u041a\u041e \/ \u0412.\u0412. \u041a\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0412\u0415\u0426, Russia \/ Russie [IN RUSSIAN]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III. Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CH.<\/span><\/span><\/span> NIKOLAIDIS,<\/span><\/span><\/span> European<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Court<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>of<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Human<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Rights<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>\/<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Cour<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>europ\u00e9enne<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>des<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>droits<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>l’homme<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>[IN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>ENGLISH]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

B<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span> MATHIEU<\/span><\/span> \/<\/span><\/span><\/span> M<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span> VERPEAUX<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span><\/span> Constitutional<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>\/<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>Jurisprudence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>constitutionnelle<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/u>France<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>[<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>IN<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>FRENCH<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

BOOK<\/span><\/span> REVIEWS<\/span><\/span> \/<\/span><\/span><\/span> NOTES<\/span><\/span> BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>BENEDETTI<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>S<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>MORETTINI<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>[<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>IN<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>ITALIAN<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>A<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>D<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>L<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>KNOOK<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>[<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>IN<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>ENGLISH<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

BOOKS<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>RECEIVED<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>LIVRES<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>RE<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u00c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>US<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>[<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>IN<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> <\/u>ENGLISH<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Brief<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> summary<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> of<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> selected<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> article<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/strong>LEGISLATION<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> PLAN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> TO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> STRENGTHEN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> LOCAL<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> FINANCE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


\n<\/span><\/span><\/span>Ulrich<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> KARPEN<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof.<\/span> Dr.<\/span> jur.,<\/span> University<\/span> of<\/span> Hamburg<\/span> Law<\/span> School,<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

International<\/span> Association<\/span> of<\/span> Legislation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Goverment<\/span> and<\/span> administration<\/span> of<\/span> central<\/span> and<\/span> local<\/span> levels<\/span> today<\/span> are<\/span> put<\/span> through<\/span> difficult<\/span> trials,<\/span> namely<\/span> –<\/span> but<\/span> not<\/span> only<\/span> –<\/span> as<\/span> far<\/span> as<\/span> their<\/span> financial<\/span> situation<\/span> is<\/span> concerned.<\/span> Budgetary<\/span> deficits<\/span> and<\/span> public<\/span> debt<\/span> cause<\/span> constraints<\/span> on<\/span> all<\/span> levels<\/span> of<\/span> governance.<\/span> But<\/span> citizens<\/span> are<\/span> aware<\/span> of<\/span> them<\/span> particularly<\/span> on<\/span> the<\/span> local<\/span> level,<\/span> because<\/span> they<\/span> are<\/span> close<\/span> to<\/span> their<\/span> day-to-day<\/span> life.<\/span> They<\/span> evaluate<\/span> local<\/span> administration<\/span> mainly<\/span> based<\/span> on<\/span> its<\/span> democratic<\/span> performance,<\/span> trust<\/span> in<\/span> the<\/span> actors<\/span> and<\/span> financial<\/span> stability<\/span> and<\/span> sustainability.<\/span> To<\/span> properly<\/span> administer<\/span> their<\/span> tasks,<\/span> local<\/span> communities<\/span> need<\/span> a<\/span> solid,<\/span> reliable<\/span> and<\/span> sustainable<\/span> basis<\/span> of<\/span> financial<\/span> resources.<\/span> The<\/span> legislator<\/span> must<\/span> assure<\/span> a<\/span> sufficient<\/span> and<\/span> fair<\/span> allocation<\/span> of<\/span> revenues<\/span> to<\/span> municipal<\/span> entities,<\/span> either<\/span> cities<\/span> and<\/span> towns<\/span> or<\/span> regional<\/span> units.<\/span> Furthermore,<\/span> there<\/span> should<\/span> be<\/span> an<\/span> income<\/span> from<\/span> local<\/span> revenues,<\/span> which<\/span> local<\/span> government<\/span> can<\/span> influence<\/span> by<\/span> statutes.<\/span> A<\/span> horizontal<\/span> approximation<\/span> of<\/span> local<\/span> incomes<\/span> between<\/span> municipalities<\/span> is<\/span> mandated<\/span> by<\/span> solidarity.<\/span> Local<\/span> administration<\/span> may<\/span> improve<\/span> effectiveness<\/span> and<\/span> efficiency<\/span> of<\/span> budget-keeping<\/span> by<\/span> applying<\/span> modern<\/span> methods<\/span> of<\/span> New<\/span> Public<\/span> Management<\/span> and<\/span> good<\/span> Regulatory<\/span> Impact<\/span> Assessment.<\/span> It<\/span> is<\/span> the<\/span> mandate<\/span> of<\/span> the<\/span> legislator<\/span> to<\/span> set<\/span> the<\/span> frame<\/span> for<\/span> autonomous,<\/span> vital<\/span> and<\/span> creative<\/span> local<\/span> governments<\/span> and<\/span> to<\/span> empower<\/span> them<\/span> –<\/span> including<\/span> the<\/span> provision<\/span> of<\/span> financial<\/span> resources<\/span> –<\/span> to<\/span> master<\/span> the<\/span> problems<\/span> of<\/span> their<\/span> citizens.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

vol. 28, no 1, spring\/printemps 2016 (99) In this issue of the ERPL are published the proceedings of the annual conference of the EGPL organised from the 11th to the 13th of September 2015 on the island of Spetses (Greece), on the subject “The New European Economic Governance”. Under the heading “General Introduction: The Powers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6825"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6825"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18953,"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6825\/revisions\/18953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iepd.kiev.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}